openEuler安装Docker

date
Jul 2, 2021
slug
5589748244047872
status
Published
tags
summary
type
Post

openEuler安装Docker和踩坑分析

12 月 8 日，CentOS 开发团队在其官博宣布，CentOS 8 将在 2021 年 12 月 31 日结束支持，CentOS 7 会按照计划维护至生命周期结束即 2024 年 6 月 30 日，接下来接下来将重点建设 CentOS Stream。免费的RedHat没有了，但生活还得继续。
接下来我的目光转向openEuler，openEuler 是一个开源、免费的 Linux 发行版平台，将通过开放的社区形式与全球的开发者共同构建一个开放、多元和架构包容的软件生态体系。它由华为公司开源，众多国内企业也积极加入到openEuler社区，其社区发展之速度令人吃惊，堪称是中国开源领域的里程碑。

进入正题

如果想忽略过程请直接查看结论：👉结论
我是用的openEuler版本：20.03 LTS SP1，安装在虚拟机中，使用ssh连接
在openEuler上安装Docker还是让我踩了不少坑，先看看这些坑是如何产生的
虽然官方没有说openEuler是基于什么开源系统开发的，但大致内容和CentOS相似，首先参照官网文档安装步骤如下：
这里插一嘴，旧版本的Docker称为Docker或Docker Engine。17年改为基于YY.MM的版本， Docker Engine改为Docker CE（社区版），Docker Data Center改为Docker EE（企业版）
如果要卸载旧版本查看官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/#uninstall-old-versions

安装方法

官方给出了3种安装方法：
  • 从Docker的存储库中安装（https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/#install-using-the-repository）
  • 下载RPM包并手动安装（https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/#install-from-a-package）
  • 使用自动化脚本（https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/#install-using-the-convenience-script）

安装步骤

我使用第一种方法进行安装
  1. 因为需要用到yum-config-manager工具，所以需要安装yum-utils包。之后使用 yum-config-manager 添加docker-ce的软件仓库
      2. sudo yum install -y yum-utils
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701221806707
      notion imagenotion image
      img
      软件仓库里找不到这个包，那好吧，添加仓库源
      我是用的是华为云开源镜像站的镜像（https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com）
      wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/openEulerOS.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/openeuler_x86_64.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
      然后重新安装yum-utils
      sudo yum install -y yum-utils
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701222717286
      居然还不行，再次我表示很郁闷，直接被卡在第一步了
      在愤愤不平许久之后，发现系统自带yum-config-manager，顶着好奇的心查看了这个命令路径
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701224004778
      由于openEuler自带dnf包管理器，它直接建立一个链接指向dnf-utils
      那我们直接执行下面语句，软件源官方较慢，我们使用国内镜像源。
      sudo yum-config-manager \    --add-repo \    https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
      注意的是使用华为镜像源需要执行以下命令替换文件中的部分内容：
      sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
      然后更新建立缓存：
      sudo yum makecache
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701225704777
      再次出了问题，404，难道是地址不对吗
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701225849094
      果然，再次分析发现：
      cat /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
      输出内容：
      [docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
      其中 $releasever代表当前系统的版本， $basearch代表当前系统的架构
      查看系统信息：
      cat /etc/os-release
      输出：
      NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="20.03"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
      查看系统架构：
      arch
      输出：
      x86_64
      由于使用CentOS中的Docker软件源安装，且https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/中没有名为20.03LTS_SP1的版本，我们只好手动更改软件源：
      将$releasever替换为7（至于为什么替换为7而不是8，在安装过程中测试8存在部分问题）
      [docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
      删掉/etc/yum.repos.d/ 下的docker-ce.repo 文件，使用vi docker-ce.repo建立文件后将上面替换完成的内容粘贴进去保存。
      然后更新建立缓存：
      sudo yum makecache
      在插一嘴，yum-config-manager其实就是一个方便管理软件源的脚本，完全可以手动下载软件源到配置目录。
      wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum makecache
      这么也没多写多少字母，其实复制粘贴不就解决问题了。
  1. 安装最新版本的Docker Engine和containerd
      2. sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701231630620
      又出问题了，查找软件源中是否存在此包：
      yum search fuse-overlayfs
yum search slirp4netns
      其结果都是：
      上次元数据过期检查：0:05:30 前，执行于 2021年07月01日 星期四 19时56分15秒。
未找到匹配项。
      没有软件源就添加软件源：
      wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-reg.repo
      注意再次将此文件中的$releasever替换为7
      # CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
      删掉/etc/yum.repos.d/ 下的CentOS-Base.repo 文件，使用vi CentOS-Base.repo建立文件后将上面替换完成的内容粘贴进去保存。
      yum clean all
yum makecache
      再次安装
      sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
      notion imagenotion image
      image-20210701232958426

启动Docker

sudo service docker start
命令会重定向至 /bin/systemctl start docker.service
当然直接使用 systemctl start docker.service也无所谓

通过运行hello-world镜像，验证Docker引擎是否正确安装。

 sudo docker run hello-world
notion imagenotion image
image-20210701233742054
这个命令下载一个测试镜像并在一个容器中运行。当容器运行时，它会打印出一条信息消息并退出。

总结

结论1（推荐）

  1. 建立docker-ce.repo
      2. [docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
      在/etc/yum.repos.d/ 下的使用vi docker-ce.repo建立文件后将上面的内容粘贴进去保存。
  1. 建立CentOS-Base.repo
      2. # CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - repo.huaweicloud.com
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=https://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
      在/etc/yum.repos.d/ 下使用vi CentOS-Base.repo建立文件后将上面的内容粘贴进去保存。
  1. 建立缓存
      2. yum clean all
yum makecache
  1. 安装软件
      2. sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

结论2

直接从镜像站地址获取特定版本的软件及依赖（docker-ce版本20.10.7）
yum install \https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm \https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm \https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-cli-20.10.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm \https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-scan-plugin-0.8.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm \https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.4.6-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm \http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/fuse-overlayfs-0.7.2-6.el7_8.x86_64.rpm \http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/slirp4netns-0.4.3-4.el7_8.x86_64.rpm
 
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